What is car suspension and its types
ebanmella – As we know, driving comfort and safety are important factors that should be considered. Therefore, different components that support these two elements are added to the car. Car suspension is one.
This part, which is located below the tire, is needed to reduce the vibration that the car receives from the road. By reducing vibration, conditions in the cabin become more comfortable, making the driving experience more enjoyable.
Through this review, ebanmella discusses car suspension from its definition, types, functions and how to make a smooth car suspension. Come, look!
What is a car ban?
A car suspension is a vehicle component whose main function is to dampen vibrations and shocks in the car. This part is related to the chassis of the car. You will feel the importance of this device while driving on rough and uneven roads.
Between the body of the car and the wheels, this component maintains comfort and safety as well as control while driving. A car’s suspension system helps keep the vehicle’s speed stable and the wheels grip the road.
A car’s suspension, which connects the vehicle body and wheels, absorbs impacts from the road surface up and down. For example, when driving on rocky roads, broken roads and potholes or speed bumps. In fact, modern car parks can now reduce the vibrations that make the conditions in the passenger compartment uncomfortable.
The suspension system works to support and balance the body of the car, both when the vehicle is moving and when it is stopped. According to its function, this device can bind the frame of the car between the wheels and the wheels. The area directly connected to the wheel allows it to receive the vibrations received by the vehicle.
When the tires receive pressure from an uneven road surface, the vibration is transmitted directly to the suspension system connected to the axle. The main component of the suspension is the spring, which has an elastic force and makes sudden movements in the wheels, which cause vibrations that do not affect the body of the vehicle.
Types of restrictions
Parking lots are divided into several types depending on how they work or the number of sources they use. The following are some of the most commonly used car suspensions today:
1. Rigid axle suspension
Rigid Axle Suspension is a type of car suspension that is usually located at the rear of the vehicle. On the market, this type is divided into two models, which use solid axles, coil springs, AKA springs and leaf springs.
You can tell if a car uses a Rigid Axle by looking at the left rear wheel and the right rear wheel. If the two wheels appear to be connected together using a shaft or axle, the vehicle is most likely using a rigid axle type suspension.
2. Double wishbone block
The next type is the Double Wishbone suspension. This type of suspension is characterized by two arms that are used to support the suspension system. These two arms are called the lower arm and the upper arm.
This type of suspension has an independent design, which means that the geometric angle of the wheels will remain constant even if the vehicle turns sharply or the suspension is moved too far. Cars that use this independent suspension include the Hilux, Kijang and Fortune.
However, this suspension also has several disadvantages, for example, the space required for installation is too large and also it takes a long time to dismantle it if you want to replace the shock absorber.
In addition, the upper and lower ball joints of this suspension, end tie rods and long tie rods are often damaged. However, you can regularly lubricate your car to overcome this risk. But you have to be patient, because the grinding process itself takes a lot of time.
3. MacPherson Strut suspension
If you are asking about the first and most used suspension, the answer is probably the MacPherson strut suspension. The suspension invented by Earle Macpherson was sold in the market at a reasonable price compared to other types.
Another reason why automotive manufacturers like it so much is because the components and arrangements of this suspension system are so simple that they are easy to find. MacPherson struts are perpendicular to the shock absorbers, which act as a support and center point for the car’s caster angle.
The disadvantage of this type is that it cannot accept loads and the tire’s grip on the road surface is less than perfect as the wheel geometry changes angle as the vehicle turns.
Yaris, Vios, Corolla or Avanza owners may be familiar with this flaw, as these cars use MacPherson-type suspension.
4. Strict ban – leaf
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Literally rigid means rigid, this name is enough to describe what this rigid block looks like. This type of rigid suspension is usually used in commercial type cars or older types of cars which are usually rear mounted.
This type of construction is very simple and not complicated, which makes it easy to repair or disassemble. Generally, rigid suspension construction consists of an axle housing that is fastened to the frame by U-bolts. The advantage of cars that use this type of suspension is high strength.
5. Multiple link block
This multi-link type car suspension is a development of the Double Wishbone suspension. The design of this type of construction is very complicated with different parts that can be joined together using joints and parts that fit on both sides of the arm.
This construction can predict which side of the vehicle is located based on the direction of the force. The direct impact that the car suddenly receives when passing through a hole, is an impact from the side or other impacts.
Many say that the construction used in this type of parking lot provides a good level of control, so the car is easy to control when traveling on rough and bumpy roads. Moreover, the varieties are now very different so you have the choice to buy the one that suits your needs.
Of course, this multi-link suspension also has disadvantages, first of all it is clear that the complicated construction makes the maintenance process difficult. Therefore, if this type of suspension is damaged, repair or replacement will take a very long time.
Apart from that, parts of this suspension are still very rare to find in the market, so they are very expensive in terms of price. So apart from being expensive, parts for this type of suspension are hard to come by.
6. Blockage of lungs
As the name suggests, pneumatic suspension is a type of suspension that relies on a pneumatic system. A pneumatic system is a system that uses compressed gas or air pressure through a compressor to support its work.
The advantage of this type of parking is that the height can be easily adjusted from the cabin. However, behind the flexibility offered, there is a high cost of replacement parts. Apart from this, another disadvantage is that the durability is not very good.
7. Torsion Beam Suspension
The next type of car suspension is the torsion beam suspension. This type of suspension, which is a type of solid development, can be said to be a type of semi-independent parking.
Although it is a development, the shape of this type of torsion beam is different from the rigid type suspension. Even in terms of the shock absorption system, it is better and softer than the hard type.
8. Air Suspension (Air Suspension)
Another type of car suspension is the air suspension, which is a type of suspension that is built and performs very well. In fact, the air suspension used in luxury cars from Mercedes Benz and Range Rover is very good.
In various luxury cars, the settings of the air conditioning system are adjusted by computer so that the drivers can adjust it according to the practical situation. Besides being practical, the settings are also more accurate.
However, if you look at the construction side, it is clear that this type of block has a very complicated design compared to other types. On the other hand, the price of this type of suspension is not cheap.
9. 3 link block – rigid
3 Link Suspension – Rigid is also a type of suspension that is usually found on the rear of the car. The main feature of this type is the presence of a side shaft and a lower arm in the system. So if you look at these two parts in the suspension section, you can be sure that the suspension type the vehicle uses is 3 Link-Rigid.
The construction itself generally includes coil springs, side axles, axle torsion arms and also shock absorbers. Although there are so many components that make up this suspension system, what makes it unique in terms of size is that it is still relatively compact.
10. Trailing arm suspension
If you look at the construction, you might think that this suspension is similar to 3 Link – Rigid. However, if you learn how it works, this trailing arm suspension is very different from the 3 Link-Riid.
In this type, the system uses a trailing arm that is connected from left to right. The similarity is the position of use which is always placed at the back of the car.
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Car Suspension Function
It has been explained above that the main function of a car’s suspension is to reduce impacts that the car receives from the road surface. Both from upward and downward pressure. The suspension is able to minimize impacts that occur when the car is driven on potholes, rocky roads, or runs over speed bumps.
Not only that, modern car suspensions now also have the function of dampening vibrations so that they are not felt by passengers in the cabin. This makes their comfort while in the car much better. Another function of the suspension system is to support and balance the car body when the vehicle is moving or stationary.
The location of the car suspension is between the wheels and the axle so that it binds the car frame. This position selection aims to maximize vibration dampening. This is because the wheels are the first part of the car to receive vibrations originating from the road surface.
When the wheels receive a push from an uneven road surface, the vibrations they receive will be transmitted to the suspension system which is directly connected to the axle.
